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| Saparmurat Niyazov |
Turkmenistan - Turkmenistan dictator leader, Saparmurat Niyazov became the first president and president for life in the former Soviet countries.
December 28, 1999, or 16 years ago, Niyazov raised and declared himself president for life. That is, Turkmenistan will continue mastered. No one will replace him until he died.
Decisions become president for life he did after about eight years as president of Turkmenistan. Similarly, as published by the BBC.
Niyazov began to be known in Turkmenistan since served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan since 1985. At that time, he referred to himself as "Serdar Saparmurat Turkmenbashi the Great or Turkmenbashi" or when interpreted to be a "leader of the Turkmen Nation".
When in power, Niyazov made the country into one of the former Soviet Union's most rigid. All must submit to the president. Anyone who defied and criticized him immediately arrested and punished. The press was silenced.
During that time, photographs and sculpture on display throughout the country. One of them is the golden statue that rotates to face the sun in Ashgabat.
Niyazov set a prohibition to the state with a population of 5 million people. Such as a ban on listening to the radio in the car, smoking in public places and ban adolescent beard.
In addition, Niyazov also change the name in January to its name. Not only that, his name was also pinned to the name of a port, land farms, military units, and even a meteorite.
He is author of the book Rukhnama ("Book of Life"), which became the book required reading in schools. Every morning the children have to say the pledge of allegiance to him.
Niyazov also known as a leader who looks great in the eyes of the world. He built the largest mosque in Central Asia called "Spirit of Turkmenbashi" at a cost of more than US $ 100 million.
According to political observers in Central Asia, Michael Hall, the system formed Niyazov, Turkmenistan condition assessed destroyed, especially in sekotar education, health, and social.
"This all happened because of the effects of Niyazov that governs all levels of government, be it politics, culture, science and technology are regulated by laws that absolutely," said Hall, as published by the BBC.
December 21, 2006, Saparmurat Niyazov died of a heart attack after 15 years in power. Prime Minister Gurbanguly Myalikgulyyevich Berdymukhamedo then took over power temporarily and hold elections. Since then, Turkmenistan change from autocratic to a democratic one.
Another history recorded on December 28, 1895 was the forerunner to the big screen. By using Cinematographe (film projectors) them, Lumiere brothers showed moving images to the audience paid for the first time in the world.
